![]() The large reversed `3' or epsilon-shaped blood clot on the man's forehead is an example of a large venous blood flow. Venous blood appears darker and thicker because it flows more slowly than arterial blood. Positive serum albumin tests were also found in areas adjacent to the blood, for example the lance wound area.ĭistinction between arterial and venous bloodflows The distinction between arterial and venous blood flows is evident in some ![]() ![]() These serum haloes above tested positive for serum albumin and they also gave a positive immuno-chemical test with albumin serum. Serum albumin is the most abundant blood plasma protein and is produced in the liver. These serum halos confirm that the Shroud's bloodstains are real blood. Serum halos The border of every bloodstain under ultraviolet light shows a typical yellowish fluorescence of a serum exudate ring or halo around a scab as expected for blood clot retraction. As blood dries it forms a scab and contracts, thickening the edge of the scab and exuding serum onto the surface and edges of the contracting clot. STURP in its 1981 final report concluded that the blood on the Shroud was real blood.Ĭlotted blood The bloodstains are clotted blood in that they are thickened on the edges. At the public final meeting of STURP in New London, Connecticut in October 1981, after explaining each item in this table, Adler, who had "already published close to a hundred articles on his blood research forty-odd concerned porphyrins", concluded: "That means that the red stuff on the Shroud is emphatically, and without any reservation, nothing else but B-L-O-O-D!"] and Heller between 19 which confirmed that the blood on the Shroud was real blood. : Table 5: Summary of tests by Adler and Heller which confirmed that the blood on the Shroud was real blood. Table 5 below summarizes the tests employed by Adler That is hardly the way any artist might be expected to work".] Real blood The bloodstains of the man on the Shroud are real blood. One remarkable feature noted by Adler is that where blood occurs in the same region as body image, the cloth fibres lack body image characteristics below the bloodstain, suggesting that the blood was on the cloth before the body image-making process began. Blood constituents such as proteins, albumen, haem products, and the bile pigment bilirubin (on which Adler is an acknowledged expert) can all be determined to be present. Adler's studies these derived from genuine clotted wounds, and they pass eleven different diagnostic tests, enabling them to be pronounced to be true blood in any court of law. "As for the `blood' stains, according to John H. Introduction The blood of the man on the Shroud is real human blood. The bloodstains." Emphases are mine unless otherwise indicated. This is part #23, "The man on the Shroud: Real human blood," of my series, " The evidence is overwhelming that the Turin Shroud is authentic!" For more information about this series, see the " Main index #1" and " The man on the Shroud #8." See also " 2.5.
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